Genetic Materials and Genetic Code

Figure 1 Graphic representation of central dogma of molecular biology
Image: "Central Dogma of Molecular Biochemistry with Enzymes" by D3r1 via Wikimedia Commons, used under CC BY-SA 3.0.

Figure 2 Reverse transcription or Reverse central dogma of molecular biology
Image: "Extended Central Dogma with Enzymes" by D3r1 via Wikimedia Commons, used under CC BY-SA 3.0.

Figure 3 Structure of nucleotide
Image source: "Figure 3.22: DNA Nucleotides" by OpenStax is licensed under CC BY 4.0. Access for free at openstax.org.

Figure 4 Structure of pentose sugars in nucleotide
Image source: OpenStax College, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Figure 5 Nitrogen bases in nucleic acids
Source: https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/introduction-to-chemistry-general-organic-and-biological

Watson and Crick showing the three dimensional model of DNA prepared using metal scraps
FIO054: Figure 5.8c” by Rosenfeld Media, CC BY 2.0

Figure 6 Watson and Crick model of of DNA
Image from with modification: OpenStax College, CC BY 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons

Figure 7 Structure of tRNA (two dimensional)
Image source: Keshari and Ghimire. 2023. A Textbook of Biology. Vidyarthi Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Figure 8 The process of DNA replication (proposed by Watson and Crick)
Image source: Keshari and Ghimire. 2023. A Textbook of Biology. Vidyarthi Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Figure 9 Triplet genetic code
Image source: Keshari and Ghimire. 2023. A Textbook of Biology. Vidyarthi Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Figure 10 Genetic codes and amino acids
Image source: "DNA Translation and Codons" by OpenStax, used under CC BY 4.0 / Desaturated from original.

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